“Theology” is obviously driven by translation. In the following translation you will see that I chose to translate ἁμαρτία, κόσμον and θάνατος in ways that I believe more accurately reflect what Paul wrote to the Romans. Remembering that Rome was equivalent to our own hyper-political and corrupt Washington, D. C., those three words would have been understood as “legal technicalities.”
- ἁμαρτία hamartia—failure
- κόσμον kosmon—world-order [either legalities and/or customs]
- • θάνατος thanatos—death penalty pronounced by a judge
Romans 5:12 because of this, as it were, because of one human, the failure, in regards to the world order, came before the court, and because of the failure, the death-penalty also in this manner to all humanity, the death penalty, went abroad, upon this thing, everyone has failed. JWET
This verse, as can be seen does not speak of a “federal head” or even a “corporate head.” But as a result of Adam and Eve the world-order that had been established by God was disrupted. The miscreants were judged and pronounced guilty. Following the judgment came the penalty phase where “death” was pronounced. Therefore it can be seen that anyone who “fails” is under the death penalty. This is validated by Scripture itself—each person will judged for what they do—Romans 2:6. As a final thought, Theology also influences translation.
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